ἐνen

I. Of place, with dative of thing, person, in, within, on, at, by, among: ἐν τ. πόλει, Luke 7:37; τ. οφθαλμῷ, Matthew 7:3; τ. κοιλίᾳ, Matthew 12:40; τ. ὄρει, 2 Peter 1:18; τ. θρόνῳ, Revelation 3:21; τ. δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ, Romans 8:34; ἐν ἡμῖν, Luke 1:1; of books, ἐν τ. βιβλίῳ, Galatians 3:10; τ. νόμῳ, Matthew 12:5, and elsewhere; ἐν τοῖς τ. Πατρός, in my Father's house, Luke 2:49; trop., of the region of thought or feeling, ἐν τ. καρδίᾳ (-αις), Matthew 5:28, 2 Corinthians 4:6, and elsewhere; τ. συνειδήσεσιν, 2 Corinthians 5:11; after verbs of motion, instead of εἰς, ἀποστέλλω... ἐν, Matthew 10:16. δέδωκεν ἐν τ. χειρί (cf. τιθέναι ἐν χερσί, Hom., Il., i, 441, and elsewhere), John 3:35; id. after verbs of coming and going (not in classical Greek), εἰσῆλθε, Luke 9:46; ἐξῆλθεν, Luke 7:17.

II. Of state, condition, form, occupation, etc.: ἐν ζωῇ, Romans 5:10; ἐν τ. θανάτῳ, 1 John 3:14; ἐν πειρασμοῖς, 1 Peter 1:6; ἐν εἰρήνῃ, Mark 5:25; ἐν δόξῃ, Philippians 4:19; ἐν πραΰτητι, James 3:13; ἐν μυστηρίῳ, 1 Corinthians 2:7; ἐν τ. διδαχῇ, Mark 4:2; of a part as contained in a whole, ἐν τ. ἀμπέλῳ, John 15:4; ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι, Romans 12:4; of accompanying objects or persons (simple dative in classical Greek), with, ἐν αἵματι, Hebrews 9:25; ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν, Luke 14:31 (cf. Jude 1:14, Acts 7:14); similarly (classical Greek), of clothing, armour, arms, ἐν στολαῖς, Mark 12:38; ἐν ἐσθῆτι λαμπρᾷ, James 2:2; ἐν μαξαίρῃ, Luke 22:49; ἐν ῥάβδῳ, 1 Corinthians 4:21; of manner (classical Greek), ἐν τάχει (= ταχέως), Luke 18:8 (cf. Bl., §41, 1); of spiritual influence, ἐν πνεύματι, Romans 8:9; ἐν π. ἀκαθάρτῳ, Mark 1:23; of the mystical relation of the Christian life and the believer himself, to God and Christ (cf. ICC, Ro., 160f.; Mayor on Jude 1:1; M, Pr., 103): ἐν Χριστῷ, Romans 3:24, Romans 6:11, 1 Corinthians 3:1, 1 Corinthians 4:10, 2 Corinthians 12:2, Galatians 2:17, Ephesians 6:21, Colossians 4:7, 1 Thessalonians 4:16, and elsewhere

III. Of the agent, instrument or means, by, with: ἐν ὑμῖν κρίνεται ὁ κόσμος (= classical Greek παρά, C. dative), 1 Corinthians 6:2; ἐν τ. ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων, Matthew 9:34; ἐν αἵματι, Hebrews 9:22; ἐν ὕδατι, Matthew 3:11, and elsewhere; ἐν μαχαίρᾳ ἀποκτενεῖ (cf. the absolutely ἐν μ., ἐν ῥάβδῳ, supr., II, which some would classify here), Revelation 13:10 (cf. Revelation 6:8). Allied to this usage and distinctly Semitic are the following: ἠγόρασας... ἐν τ. αἵματι σου (cf. BDB, under that word בְּ, III, 3), Revelation 5:9; ὁμολογεῖν ἐν, Matthew 10:32, Luke 12:8; ὀμνύναι ἐν (= classical Greek accusative, so James 5:12), Matthew 5:34, and elsewhere; also at the rate of, amounting to, Mark 4:8, Acts 7:14 (LXX).

IV. Of time

(a) in or during a period: ἐν τ. ἡμέρᾳ (νυκτί), John 11:9, and elsewhere; ἐν σαββάτῳ, Matthew 12:2, and elsewhere; ἐν τῷ μεταξύ, meanwhile, John 4:31

(b) at the time of an event: ἐν τ. παρουσίᾳ, 1 Corinthians 15:23; ἐν τ. ἀναστάσει, Matthew 22:28

(c) with article infinitive

(α) present, while: Matthew 13:4, Mark 6:48, Galatians 4:18, and elsewhere

(β) aorist, when, after: Luke 9:36, and elsewhere

(d) within (classical Greek): Matthew 27:40

V. In composition: (1) meaning: (a) with adjectives, it signifies usually the possession of a quality, as ἐνάλιος, ἐν́δοξος; (b) with verbs, continuance in (followed by ἐν) or motion into (followed by εἰς), as ἐμμένω, ἐμβαίνω. (ii) Assimilation: ἐν becomes ἐμ- before β, μ, π, φ, ψ; ἐγ- before γ, κ, ξ, χ; ἐλ- before λ. But in the older MSS of NT, followed by modern editions, assimilation is sometimes neglected, as in ἐνγράφω, ἐγκαινίζω, etc.