Midvash

מִשְׁפָּטmishpâṭ

judgment

Pronunciation: mish-pawt' · Hebrew/Aramaic (Old Testament) · H4941

Meanings

1. judgment

a. act of deciding a case (Deuteronomy 1:17; Proverbs 16:33; Proverbs 29:26)

b. place, court, seat of judgment (Deuteronomy 25:1; 1 Kings 7:7; Isaiah 28:6)

c. process, procedure, litigation before judges (Job 14:3; Ecclesiastes 11:9; Ecclesiastes 12:14)

d. case or cause presented for judgment (Isaiah 50:8; Job 13:18; Job 23:4)

e. sentence, decision of judgment (1 Kings 20:40; Ecclesiastes 8:5; Ecclesiastes 8:6)

f. execution of judgment, in general (Jeremiah 7:5; Ezekiel 18:8; Deuteronomy 32:41)

g. time of judgment (Psalms 1:5)

2. attribute of the שֹׁפֵט, justice, right, rectitude

a. of God (Isaiah 30:18; Genesis 18:25; Job 40:8)

b. of man (Psalms 106:8; Psalms 37:30; Proverbs 12:5)

3. ordinance promulgated by שֹׁפֵט (1 Samuel 8:9; 1 Samuel 8:11; 1 Samuel 10:25)

4. decision of the שֹׁפֵט in a case of law (Exodus 21:31; Exodus 21:1; Exodus 24:3)

5. one's (legal) right, privilege, due (Deuteronomy 18:3; Deuteronomy 21:17; Jeremiah 32:7)

6.

a. proper, fitting, measure (1 Kings 5:8; Isaiah 28:26; Isaiah 40:14)

b. custom, manner (1 Samuel 2:13; 1 Samuel 27:11; 2 Kings 17:33)

c. what manner of (Judges 13:12; 2 Kings 1:7)

d. plan (Exodus 26:30; 1 Kings 6:38; Jeremiah 30:18)

Same root

Where it appears

Appears 422 times in the Bible.

  • Genesis 18:19 I have singled him out so that he will direct his sons and their families to keep the way of the Lord by doing what is right and just. Then I will do for Abraham all that I have promised.”
  • Genesis 18:25 Surely you wouldn’t do such a thing, destroying the righteous along with the wicked. Why, you would be treating the righteous and the wicked exactly the same! Surely you wouldn’t do that! Should not the Judge of all the earth do what is right?”
  • Genesis 40:13 Within three days Pharaoh will lift you up and restore you to your position as his chief cup-bearer.
  • Exodus 15:25 So Moses cried out to the Lord for help, and the Lord showed him a piece of wood. Moses threw it into the water, and this made the water good to drink. It was there at Marah that the Lord set before them the following decree as a standard to test their faithfulness to him.
  • Exodus 21:1 “These are the regulations you must present to Israel.
  • Exodus 21:9 But if the slave’s owner arranges for her to marry his son, he may no longer treat her as a slave but as a daughter.
See every passage

Source: Brown, Driver and Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain; markup by unfoldingWord, CC BY (github.com/unfoldingWord/Brown-Driver-Briggs-Enhanced).