שָׁפַטshâphaṭ
שָׁפַט: judge, govern
Pronunciation: shaw-fat' · Hebrew/Aramaic (Old Testament) · H8199
Meanings
Qal
1. act as law-giver, judge, governor, (giving law, deciding controversies and executing law, civil, religious, political, social; both early and late)
a. of God only (Genesis 18:25; Isaiah 33:22)
b. of man (Genesis 19:9; Exodus 18:13; Exodus 18:16)
2. specifically decide controversy, discriminate between Persons, in civil, political, domestic and religious questions
a. of God (Psalms 82:1; Genesis 16:5; Judges 11:27)
b. of man (Exodus 18:16; Numbers 35:24; Deuteronomy 1:16)
3. execute judgment
a. discriminating, of man only (Zechariah 7:9; Psalms 58:2; Zechariah 8:16)
b. vindicating (Psalms 10:18; Psalms 26:1; Psalms 43:1)
c. condemning and punishing (Ezekiel 7:3; Ezekiel 7:8; Ezekiel 18:30)
d. at theophanic advent for final judgment (Psalms 50:6; Psalms 75:8; Psalms 94:2)
Niph`al
1. enter into controversy, plead (Jeremiah 2:35; Ezekiel 17:20; Ezekiel 20:35)
2. be judged (Psalms 9:20; Psalms 37:33; Psalms 109:7)
Pô`el: my apponent-at-law (Job 9:15; Job 3:15; Psalms 109:31)
שָׁפַט: judge (Ezra 7:25)
Same root
- אֱלִישָׁפָטʼĔlîyshâphâṭ · H478Elishaphat, an Israelite
- יְהוֹשָׁפָטYᵉhôwshâphâṭ · H3092Jehoshaphat, the name of six Israelites; also of a valley near Jerusalem
- מִשְׁפָּטmishpâṭ · H4941properly, a verdict (favorable or unfavorable) pronounced judicially, especially a sentence or formal decree (human or (participant's) divine law, individual or collective), including the act, the place, the suit, the crime, and the penalty; abstractly, justice, including a participant's right or privilege (statutory or customary), or even a style
- שְׁפוֹטshᵉphôwṭ · H8196a judicial sentence, i.e. punishment
- שְׁפַטshᵉphaṭ · H8200to judge
- שֶׁפֶטshepheṭ · H8201a sentence, i.e. infliction
- שָׁפָטShâphâṭ · H8202Shaphat, the name of four Israelites
- שְׁפַטְיָהShᵉphaṭyâh · H8203Shephatjah, the name of ten Israelites
Where it appears
Appears 202 times in the Bible.
- Genesis 16:5 Then Sarai said to Abram, “This is all your fault! I put my servant into your arms, but now that she’s pregnant she treats me with contempt. The Lord will show who’s wrong—you or me!”
- Genesis 18:25 Surely you wouldn’t do such a thing, destroying the righteous along with the wicked. Why, you would be treating the righteous and the wicked exactly the same! Surely you wouldn’t do that! Should not the Judge of all the earth do what is right?”
- Genesis 19:9 “Stand back!” they shouted. “This fellow came to town as an outsider, and now he’s acting like our judge! We’ll treat you far worse than those other men!” And they lunged toward Lot to break down the door.
- Genesis 31:53 I call on the God of our ancestors—the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of my grandfather Nahor—to serve as a judge between us.” So Jacob took an oath before the fearsome God of his father, Isaac, to respect the boundary line.
- Exodus 2:14 The man replied, “Who appointed you to be our prince and judge? Are you going to kill me as you killed that Egyptian yesterday?” Then Moses was afraid, thinking, “Everyone knows what I did.”
- Exodus 5:21 The foremen said to them, “May the Lord judge and punish you for making us stink before Pharaoh and his officials. You have put a sword into their hands, an excuse to kill us!”
See every passage
- Genesis 16:5, 18:25, 19:9, 31:53
- Exodus 2:14, 5:21, 18:13, 18:16, 18:22, 18:26
- Leviticus 19:15
- Numbers 25:5, 35:24
- Deuteronomy 1:16, 16:18, 17:9, 17:12, 19:17, 19:18, 21:2, 25:1, 25:2
- Joshua 8:33, 23:2, 24:1
- Judges 2:16, 2:17, 2:18, 2:19, 3:10, 4:4, 10:2, 10:3, 11:27, 12:7, 12:8, 12:9, 12:11, 12:13, 12:14, 15:20, 16:31
- Ruth 1:1
- 1 Samuel 3:13, 4:18, 7:6, 7:15, 7:16, 7:17, 8:1, 8:2, 8:5, 8:6, 8:20, 12:7, 24:12, 24:15
- 2 Samuel 7:11, 15:4, 18:19, 18:31
- 1 Kings 3:9, 3:28, 7:7, 8:32
- 2 Kings 15:5, 23:22
- 1 Chronicles 16:33, 17:6, 17:10, 23:4, 26:29
- 2 Chronicles 1:2, 1:10, 1:11, 6:23, 19:5, 19:6, 20:12, 22:8, 26:21
- Ezra 10:14
- Job 9:15, 9:24, 12:17, 21:22, 22:13, 23:7
- Psalms 2:10, 7:8, 7:11, 9:4, 9:8, 9:19, 10:18, 26:1, 35:24, 37:33, 43:1, 50:6, 51:4, 58:1, 58:11, 67:4, 72:4, 75:2, 75:7, 82:1, 82:2, 82:3, 82:8, 94:2, 96:13, 98:9, 109:7, 109:31, 141:6, 148:11
- Proverbs 8:16, 29:9, 29:14, 31:9
- Ecclesiastes 3:17
- Isaiah 1:17, 1:23, 1:26, 2:4, 3:2, 5:3, 11:3, 11:4, 16:5, 33:22, 40:23, 43:26, 51:5, 59:4, 66:16
- Jeremiah 2:35, 5:28, 11:20, 25:31
- Lamentations 3:59
- Ezekiel 7:3, 7:8, 7:27, 11:10, 11:11, 16:38, 17:20, 18:30, 20:4, 20:35, 20:36, 21:30, 22:2, 23:24, 23:36, 23:45, 24:14, 33:20, 34:17, 34:20, 34:22, 35:11, 36:19, 38:22, 44:24
- Daniel 9:12
- Hosea 7:7, 13:10
- Joel 3:2, 3:12
- Amos 2:3
- Obadiah 1:21
- Micah 3:11, 4:3, 5:1, 7:3
- Zephaniah 3:3
- Zechariah 7:9, 8:16
Source: Brown, Driver and Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain; markup by unfoldingWord, CC BY (github.com/unfoldingWord/Brown-Driver-Briggs-Enhanced).