Midvash

ἀδελφόςadelphós

in classical Greek, a brother, born of the same parent or parents.

Greek (New Testament) · G80

Meanings

[In LXX, for אָח; ]

1. lit. of a brother (Genesis 4:2, and elsewhere).

2. Of a neighbour (Leviticus 19:17).

3. Of a member of the same nation (Exodus 2:14, Deuteronomy 15:3). In NT in each of these senses (1. Matthew 1:2, and elsewhere; 2. Matthew 7:3; 3. Romans 9:3) and also

4. of a fellow-Christian: 1 Corinthians 1:1, Acts 9:30. This usage finds illustration in π., where ἀ. is used of members of a pagan religious community. The ἀδελφοὶ τ. Κυρίου (Matthew 12:46-49, Matthew 13:55, Matthew 28:10, Mark 3:31-34, Luke 8:19-21, John 2:12, John 7:3, John 7:5, John 7:10, John 20:17, Acts 1:14, 1 Corinthians 9:5) may have been sons of Joseph and Mary or of Joseph by a former marriage, but the view of Jerome, which makes ἀ. equivalent to ἀνεψιός, is inconsistent with Greek usage.

Same root

Where it appears

Appears 343 times in the Bible.

  • Matthew 1:2 Abraham was the father of Isaac. Isaac was the father of Jacob. Jacob was the father of Judah and his brothers.
  • Matthew 1:11 Josiah was the father of Jehoiachin and his brothers (born at the time of the exile to Babylon).
  • Matthew 4:18 One day as Jesus was walking along the shore of the Sea of Galilee, he saw two brothers—Simon, also called Peter, and Andrew—throwing a net into the water, for they fished for a living.
  • Matthew 4:21 A little farther up the shore he saw two other brothers, James and John, sitting in a boat with their father, Zebedee, repairing their nets. And he called them to come, too.
  • Matthew 5:22 But I say, if you are even angry with someone, you are subject to judgment! If you call someone an idiot, you are in danger of being brought before the court. And if you curse someone, you are in danger of the fires of hell.
  • Matthew 5:23 “So if you are presenting a sacrifice at the altar in the Temple and you suddenly remember that someone has something against you,
See every passage

Source: G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), public domain.