אֲשֶׁרʼăsher

אֲשֶׁר: particle of relation, A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. As a rule אֲשֶׁר is a mere connecting link, and requires to be supplemented (see the grammars) by a pronominal affix, or other word, such as שָׁם, defining the nature of the relation more precisely

1. it includes its pronominal antecedent, whether in the nominative or oblique cases (Numbers 22:6; Exodus 4:12; Genesis 43:16)

2. instances of אֲשֶׁר followed by a pronominal affix, or by שָׁם, שָֽׁמָּה, מִשָּׁם, are so common that the examples cited above will be sufficient, It is followed by the pronoun in the nominative, in the following cases (Genesis 31:32; Genesis 44:9; Isaiah 47:12)

a. immediately, mostly before an adjective or participle (Genesis 9:3; Leviticus 11:26; Numbers 9:13)

b. in a negative sentence, at the end (Genesis 7:2; Genesis 17:12; Numbers 17:5)

3. sometimes (though rarely) the defining adjunct is a pronoun of 1 or 2 person as well as of 3 person. In such cases it is strictly to be rendered I who..., thou who, etc. (Hosea 14:4; Jeremiah 31:32; Jeremiah 32:19)

4. the defining pronominal adjunct is dispensed with

a. when אֲשֶׁר represents the simple subject of a sentence, or the direct object of a verb (Genesis 2:1; Genesis 3:3)

b. after words denoting time, place, or manner, so that אֲשֶׁר then becomes equivalent to when, where, why (Genesis 6:4; 2 Chronicles 35:20; Genesis 45:6)

c. more extreme instances (Leviticus 14:22; Leviticus 14:30; Leviticus 14:31)

d. it is dispensed with only in appearance after ׅ ׳ אֲשֶׁר אָמַר (אָמַרְתִּי וג followed by the words used, its place being really taken by a pronoun in the speech which follows (Genesis 3:17; Exodus 22:8; Deuteronomy 28:68)

5. sometimes in poetry = one who, a man who (men who) (Psalms 24:4; Psalms 55:20; Psalms 95:4)

6. occasionally receives its closer definition by a substantive following it, in other words, its logical antecedent is inserted in the relative clause

c repeated, as to which (Genesis 49:30; Genesis 50:13; 1 Samuel 25:30)

7. ׳ אֲשֶׁר ל that (belongs, belong, belonged) to, is used

a. either alone or preceded by כָּלֿ to express (all) that (belongs) to (Genesis 14:23; Genesis 31:1; Genesis 32:24)

b. as a circumlocution of the genitive (Genesis 29:9; Genesis 40:5; Genesis 47:4)

c. with names of places (especially such as do not readily admit the stative construct) (Judges 18:28; Judges 19:14; Judges 20:4)

8. אֲשֶׁר becomes, like Aramaic דּי, , a conjunction approximating in usage to כִּי

a. subordinating an entire sentence to a verb of knowing, remembering, etc. (Deuteronomy 9:7; Deuteronomy 29:15; Joshua 2:10)

b. it is resolvable into so that (Genesis 11:7; Genesis 13:16; Genesis 22:14)

c. it has a causal force, forasmuch as, in that, since (Genesis 30:18; Genesis 31:49; Genesis 34:13)

d. it expresses a condition (rare & peculiar) (Leviticus 4:22; Leviticus 4:3; Leviticus 4:13)

e. perhaps (exceptionally) = כַּאֲשֶׁר, as (Jeremiah 33:22; Isaiah 54:9; Jeremiah 48:8)

f. combined with prepositions, אֲשֶׁר converts them into conjunctions (2 Kings 6:22; Deuteronomy 15:14)

בַּאֲשֶׁר: a. in (that) which… (Isaiah 56:4; Isaiah 65:12; Isaiah 66:4)

b. in (the place) where

c. in that, inasmuch as (Genesis 39:9; Genesis 39:23; Ecclesiastes 7:2)

d. on account of whom? (Jonah 1:8)

מֵאֲשֶׁר: a. from (or than) that which (him, them, etc., that...) (Genesis 3:11; Exodus 29:27; Numbers 6:11)

b. from (the place) where

c. from (the fact) that..., since (Isaiah 43:4)

כַּאֲשֶׁר: according as, as, when

1. according to that which, according as, as

a. according as (Genesis 34:12; Genesis 44:1; Exodus 8:23)

b. the more... the more, according as (Genesis 50:12; Exodus 7:10; Exodus 7:20)

d. similes (Exodus 33:11; Numbers 11:12; Deuteronomy 1:44)

e. as if (Job 10:19; Zechariah 10:6)

2. in so far as, since, with a causal force (Genesis 26:29; Numbers 27:14; Judges 6:27)

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