חָשַׁךְchâshak
be, grow dark
Pronunciation: khaw-shak' · Hebrew/Aramaic (Old Testament) · H2821
Meanings
Qal
1. be, grow dark (Isaiah 5:30; Job 18:6; Isaiah 13:10)
2. have a dark colour (Lamentations 4:8; Exodus 10:15)
3. grow dim (Lamentations 5:17; Psalms 69:24; Ecclesiastes 12:3)
Hiph`il
1. make dark (Amos 5:8; Jeremiah 13:16; Psalms 105:28)
2. = hide, conceal, followed by מִמֶּךָּ (Psalms 139:12)
3. obscure, confuse (Job 38:2)
Same root
- חֲשׁוֹךְchăshôwk · H2816the dark
- חָשַׂךְchâsak · H2820to restrain or (reflex.) refrain; by implication, to refuse, spare, preserve; to observe
- חֹשֶׁךְchôshek · H2822the dark; hence (literally) darkness; figuratively, misery, destruction, death, ignorance, sorrow, wickedness
- חָשֹׁךְchâshôk · H2823dark (figuratively, i.e. obscure)
- חֶשְׁכָהcheshkâh · H2824darkness
- חֲשֵׁכָהchăshêkâh · H2825darkness; figuratively, misery
- מַחְשָׁךְmachshâk · H4285darkness; concretely, a dark place
Where it appears
Appears 17 times in the Bible.
- Exodus 10:15 For the locusts covered the whole country and darkened the land. They devoured every plant in the fields and all the fruit on the trees that had survived the hailstorm. Not a single leaf was left on the trees and plants throughout the land of Egypt.
- Job 3:9 Let its morning stars remain dark. Let it hope for light, but in vain; may it never see the morning light.
- Job 18:6 The light in their tent will grow dark. The lamp hanging above them will be quenched.
- Job 38:2 “Who is this that questions my wisdom with such ignorant words?
- Psalms 69:23 Let their eyes go blind so they cannot see, and make their bodies shake continually.
- Psalms 105:28 The Lord blanketed Egypt in darkness, for they had defied his commands to let his people go.
Source: Brown, Driver and Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain; markup by unfoldingWord, CC BY (github.com/unfoldingWord/Brown-Driver-Briggs-Enhanced).