Midvash

πνεῦμαpneûma

a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e. (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital principle, mental disposition, etc., or (superhuman) an angel, demon, or (divine) God, Christ's spirit, the Holy Spirit

Greek (New Testament) · G4151

Meanings

1. of air in motion

(a) wind: John 3:8; plural, Hebrews 1:7(LXX)

(b) breath: π. ζωῆς, Revelation 11:11; π. τοῦ στόματος, figuratively, 2 Thessalonians 2:8 (cf. Psalms 32:6).

2. Of the vital principle, the spirit: Luke 8:55, John 19:30, Acts 7:59, and elsewhere; opposed to σάρξ, Matthew 26:41, Mark 14:38, 1 Corinthians 5:5, and elsewhere; to σῶμα, Romans 8:10, 1 Corinthians 6:17, 1 Corinthians 7:34, 1 Peter 4:6; to ψυχή, Philippians 1:27, Hebrews 4:12; τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ. καὶ τ. σῶμα, 1 Thessalonians 5:23; dative, τῷ π., in spirit, Mark 2:8, Mark 8:12, John 11:33, John 13:21, Acts 18:25, Romans 12:11, 1 Corinthians 7:34, 1 Peter 3:18, and elsewhere; of the human spirit of Christ, Romans 1:4, 1 Timothy 3:16.

3. spirit, i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence: Luke 1:17, Romans 8:15, 1 Corinthians 4:21, Galatians 6:1, Ephesians 2:2, 2 Timothy 1:7, 1 John 4:6, and elsewhere

4. An incorporeal being, a spirit: Luke 24:37, Luke 24:39, Acts 23:8; π. ὁ θεός, God is spirit, John 4:24; πατὴρ τῶν π., Hebrews 12:9; of disembodied human beings, Hebrews 12:23, 1 Peter 3:19; of angels. Hebrews 1:14; of demons or evil spirits, Matthew 8:16, Mark 9:20, Luke 9:39, and elsewhere; π. πύθωνα, Acts 16:16; πνεύματα δαιμονίων, Revelation 16:14; π. δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου, Luke 4:33; π. ἀσθενείας (Bl., § 35, 5), Luke 13:11; π. ἀκάθαρτον, Matthew 10:1, Mark 1:23, Luke 4:36, Acts 5:16; π. ἄλαλον (καὶ κωφόν), Mark 9:17, Mark 9:25; πονηρόν, Luke 7:21, Acts 19:12, and elsewhere

5. Of the Holy Spirit, π. ἅγιον, τὸ ἅ. π., τὸ π. τὸ ἅ., τὸ π., π. (the article as a rule being used when the Spirit is regarded as a Person or a Divine Power, and omitted when the reference is to an operation, influence or gift of the Spirit; see WM, 1515; Bl., § 46, 7): anarthrous, Matthew 1:18, Matthew 3:11, Matthew 3:16, Matthew 4:1, Mark 1:8, Mark 1:10, Luke 1:15, John 7:39, Acts 19:2, Romans 5:5, 1 Corinthians 2:4, and elsewhere; with article, Matthew 4:1, Matthew 12:31, Matthew 12:32, Mark 1:10, Mark 3:29, Luke 2:26, John 7:36, John 14:26, Acts 4:31, Acts 5:3, Romans 8:16, and elsewhere; (τὸ) π. (τοῦ) θεοῦ, Matthew 3:16, Romans 8:9, Ephesians 3:16, 1 John 4:2, and elsewhere; τὸ π. τ. πατρός, Matthew 10:20; π. θεοῦ ζῶντος, 2 Corinthians 3:3; (τὸ) π. τοῦ κυρίου, Luke 4:18, Acts 5:9, Acts 8:39; τὸ π. Ἰησοῦ, Acts 16:7; Χριστοῦ, Romans 8:9; Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, Philippians 1:19; τὸ π. τ. ἀληθείας, John 15:26, John 16:13, 1 John 4:6; λείγει (μαρτυρεῖ) τὸ π. (τὸ ἅγιον), Acts 21:11, Acts 28:25, 1 Timothy 4:1, Hebrews 3:7, Hebrews 10:15, Revelation 14:13; followed by τ. ἐκκλησίαις, Revelation 2:7, Revelation 2:11, Revelation 2:17, Revelation 2:29, Revelation 3:6, Revelation 3:13, Revelation 3:22; ἐν τ. π., Luke 2:27; κατὰ πνεῦμα, Romans 8:4, Romans 8:5; ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ π., John 3:5; διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου, Hebrews 9:14; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος, 2 Thessalonians 2:18, 1 Peter 1:2; ἓν π., 1 Corinthians 12:13, Ephesians 2:18, Ephesians 4:4; ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ π. ἐστιν, 2 Corinthians 3:17; of that which is effected or governed by the Spirit, opposed to γράμμα, Romans 2:29, Romans 7:6, 2 Corinthians 3:6.

Synonyms

νοῦς, which in NT is contrasted with π. as "the action of the understanding in man with that of the spiritual or ecstatic impulse"; ψυχή—the usual term in classical Greek psychology—in NT, "expresses man as apart from God, a separate individual, π. expresses man as drawing his life from God".

Same root

Where it appears

Appears 378 times in the Bible.

  • Matthew 1:18 This is how Jesus the Messiah was born. His mother, Mary, was engaged to be married to Joseph. But before the marriage took place, while she was still a virgin, she became pregnant through the power of the Holy Spirit.
  • Matthew 1:20 As he considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream. “Joseph, son of David,” the angel said, “do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife. For the child within her was conceived by the Holy Spirit.
  • Matthew 3:11 “I baptize with water those who repent of their sins and turn to God. But someone is coming soon who is greater than I am—so much greater that I’m not worthy even to be his slave and carry his sandals. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire.
  • Matthew 3:16 After his baptism, as Jesus came up out of the water, the heavens were opened and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and settling on him.
  • Matthew 4:1 Then Jesus was led by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted there by the devil.
  • Matthew 5:3 “God blesses those who are poor and realize their need for him, for the Kingdom of Heaven is theirs.
See every passage

Source: G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), public domain.