פָּנִיםpânîym

I.

1. face, faces (Jeremiah 30:6; Ezekiel 27:35; Ezekiel 1:6)

a. literally, of man (Genesis 43:31; 2 Samuel 19:5; 1 Kings 19:13)

b. of ׳ י (Exodus 33:20; Exodus 33:23)

c. פָּנִים אֶלפָּֿנִים face to face (Genesis 32:31; Judges 6:22; Deuteronomy 34:10)

d. of relations with ׳ י (Ezra 9:6; Jeremiah 2:27; Jeremiah 32:33)

e. of ׳ י himself (2 Chronicles 30:9; Psalms 34:17; Psalms 80:17)

2.

a. = presence, person (Exodus 33:14; Exodus 33:15; Deuteronomy 4:37)

b. with ראה technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence (Genesis 32:21; Genesis 43:3; Genesis 43:5)

3. face, of seraphim, cherubim (Isaiah 6:2; Exodus 25:20; Exodus 37:9)

4. face, of animals (Genesis 30:40; Ezekiel 1:10; Ezekiel 10:14)

5. (= surface) (Genesis 2:6; Genesis 4:14; Genesis 7:4)

6. as adverb [of location] (2 Samuel 10:9; 1 Chronicles 19:10; Ezekiel 2:10)

7. for other phrases see

II. with prepositions

1. אֶלפְּֿנֵי

a. to the presence of (Exodus 23:17; Exodus 34:23; 2 Chronicles 19:2)

b. to the front of, after a verb of motion (Leviticus 6:7; Leviticus 9:5; Leviticus 16:2)

c. towards or on the front of (Ezekiel 41:4; Ezekiel 41:12; Ezekiel 41:15)

d. on to the surface of (Leviticus 14:53; Ezekiel 16:5)

2. אֶתפְּֿנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence a. the presence of, 1Sam 2:11 עֵלִי ׳ אֶתפֿ 1Kgs 12:6 who stood שְׁלֹמֹה ׳ אֶתפֿ (compare לִפְנֵי 1Kgs 10:8), Esth 1:10; Prov 17:24 pregnantly (nisi וַיַּנִּחֵם leg., ᵑ6 ᵑ7 We Dr and others) 1Sam 22:4. Specifically ׳ אֶתפְּֿנֵי י Gen 19:13 (1Sam 2:17), v 1Sam 2:27; 1Sam 2:18 and with נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual חַגִּים, Exod 34:23 הָאָדֹן ׳ יֵרָאֶה כָּלזְֿכוּרְךָ אֶתפֿ, v Exod 34:24; Deut 16:16 (compare Dr), Deut 31:11; 1Sam 1:22 (|| ׳ י ׳ אלפֿ Exod 23:17); so פָּנַי alone Exod 23:15 = Exod 34:20 (לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם), Isa 1:22, פָנֶיךָ Ps 42:3 (according to many, GesThes Di Exod 23:15 Che Isa 1:12, critical note, the verb in all these passages was originally Qal, afterwards pointed as Niph`al to avoid the expression see the face of ׳ י); אֶתפָּֿנֶיךָ in thy presence Ps 16:10; Ps 21:7; Ps 140:14. b. in front of, Gen 33:18. הָעִיר ׳ וַיִּחַן אֶתפֿ, Lev 4:6 פָרֹכֶת הַקֹּדֶשׁ ׳ אֶתפֿ ׳ לִפְנֵי י v Lev 4:17. — מֵאֵת פְּנֵי from before, see II. אֵת 4.a.

a. the presence of (1 Samuel 2:11; 1 Kings 12:6; 1 Kings 10:8)

b. in front of (Genesis 33:18; Leviticus 4:6; Leviticus 4:17)

3. בִּפְנֵי

a in the face of, mostly in particular phrases, with hostile import (Numbers 12:14; Deuteronomy 25:9; Deuteronomy 7:24)

b in front of (Ezekiel 42:12)

4. לִפְנֵי, properly at the face or front of, the most general word for in the presence of, before (Genesis 18:22; Exodus 4:21; Exodus 11:10)

a. With the implication of (Deuteronomy 25:2; 1 Samuel 3:1; Genesis 17:18)

b. Simil., In other phrases (Deuteronomy 1:38; 1 Samuel 19:7; 1 Samuel 29:8)

c. With reference to position (Genesis 32:21; Genesis 33:14; Exodus 17:5)

d. Of places (not very common) (Exodus 14:2; Numbers 33:7; Genesis 23:17)

e. Of time, before (Amos 1:1; Genesis 29:26; Genesis 30:30)

f. In the manner of, like (rare and dubious) (1 Samuel 1:16; Job 3:24; Job 4:19)

5. from before, מִלִּפְנֵי

a. from the presence of, (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; see 6) (Genesis 41:46; Genesis 47:10; 2 Kings 5:27)

b. to express the source or cause, with the force of the לְweakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used מִפְּנֵי (1 Samuel 18:12; Ecclesiastes 3:14; Ecclesiastes 8:12)

c. of time, once, = לִפְנֵי (Ecclesiastes 1:10)

6. from the face or presence of, from before, מִפְּנֵי (Exodus 14:19; Isaiah 30:11; Hosea 11:2)

a. because of, for fear of, (often with suggestion of causation (see מִן 2.d., e., f.) (Judges 9:21; 1 Samuel 21:11; 1 Samuel 23:26)

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