כָּפַרkâphar

כִּפֶּר: cover over (figurative), pacify, make propitiation

Pronunciation: kaw-far' · Hebrew/Aramaic (Old Testament) · H3722

Meanings

Pi`el

1. cover over, pacify, propitiate (Genesis 32:21; Isaiah 47:11; Isaiah 43:3)

2. cover over, atone for sin

a. man as subject (2 Samuel 21:3; Exodus 32:30; Numbers 17:11)

b. cover, with God as subject (Deuteronomy 32:43; Deuteronomy 21:8; Ezekiel 16:63)

3. cover over, atone for sin and persons by legal rites (Leviticus 16:32)

b. for your persons, yourselves, shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you, from all your sins shall ye be clean before Yahweh (Exodus 29:36; Exodus 29:37; Exodus 30:10)

c. away from, because of his sin (Leviticus 4:26; Leviticus 5:6; Leviticus 5:10)

d. for it is the blood with the living being that covers over (Leviticus 5:16; Leviticus 19:22; Numbers 5:8)

e. on behalf of (Leviticus 9:7; Leviticus 16:6; Leviticus 16:11)

Pu`al: be covered over, atoned for. (Exodus 29:33; Isaiah 28:18; Numbers 35:33)

1. apart from the ritual (Isaiah 6:7; Isaiah 22:14; Isaiah 27:9)

2. with לְ for whom (Numbers 35:33; Exodus 29:33)

Hithpa`el: with בְּ instrumental (1 Samuel 3:14; Isaiah 22:14)

Niph`al: shall be covered (Deuteronomy 21:8)

כָּפַר: (from II. כֹּפֶר) (Genesis 6:14)

Same root

Where it appears

Appears 102 times in the Bible.

  • Genesis 6:14 “Build a large boat from cypress wood and waterproof it with tar, inside and out. Then construct decks and stalls throughout its interior.
  • Genesis 32:20 And be sure to say, ‘Look, your servant Jacob is right behind us.’” Jacob thought, “I will try to appease him by sending gifts ahead of me. When I see him in person, perhaps he will be friendly to me.”
  • Exodus 29:33 They alone may eat the meat and bread used for their purification in the ordination ceremony. No one else may eat them, for these things are set apart and holy.
  • Exodus 29:36 Each day you must sacrifice a young bull as a sin offering to purify them, making them right with the Lord. Afterward, cleanse the altar by purifying it; make it holy by anointing it with oil.
  • Exodus 29:37 Purify the altar, and consecrate it every day for seven days. After that, the altar will be absolutely holy, and whatever touches it will become holy.
  • Exodus 30:10 “Once a year Aaron must purify the altar by smearing its horns with blood from the offering made to purify the people from their sin. This will be a regular, annual event from generation to generation, for this is the Lord’s most holy altar.”
See every passage

Source: Brown, Driver and Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain; markup by unfoldingWord, CC BY (github.com/unfoldingWord/Brown-Driver-Briggs-Enhanced).