כָּפַרkâphar
כִּפֶּר: cover over (figurative), pacify, make propitiation
Pronunciation: kaw-far' · Hebrew/Aramaic (Old Testament) · H3722
Meanings
Pi`el
1. cover over, pacify, propitiate (Genesis 32:21; Isaiah 47:11; Isaiah 43:3)
2. cover over, atone for sin
a. man as subject (2 Samuel 21:3; Exodus 32:30; Numbers 17:11)
b. cover, with God as subject (Deuteronomy 32:43; Deuteronomy 21:8; Ezekiel 16:63)
3. cover over, atone for sin and persons by legal rites (Leviticus 16:32)
b. for your persons, yourselves, shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you, from all your sins shall ye be clean before Yahweh (Exodus 29:36; Exodus 29:37; Exodus 30:10)
c. away from, because of his sin (Leviticus 4:26; Leviticus 5:6; Leviticus 5:10)
d. for it is the blood with the living being that covers over (Leviticus 5:16; Leviticus 19:22; Numbers 5:8)
e. on behalf of (Leviticus 9:7; Leviticus 16:6; Leviticus 16:11)
Pu`al: be covered over, atoned for. (Exodus 29:33; Isaiah 28:18; Numbers 35:33)
1. apart from the ritual (Isaiah 6:7; Isaiah 22:14; Isaiah 27:9)
2. with לְ for whom (Numbers 35:33; Exodus 29:33)
Hithpa`el: with בְּ instrumental (1 Samuel 3:14; Isaiah 22:14)
Niph`al: shall be covered (Deuteronomy 21:8)
כָּפַר: (from II. כֹּפֶר) (Genesis 6:14)
Same root
- כְּפוֹרkᵉphôwr · H3713properly, a cover, i.e. (by implication) a tankard (or covered goblet); also white frost (as covering the ground)
- כְּפִירkᵉphîyr · H3715a village (as covered in by walls); also a young lion (perhaps as covered with a mane)
- כָּפָרkâphâr · H3723a village (as protected by walls)
- כֹּפֶרkôpher · H3724properly, a cover, i.e. (literally) a village (as covered in); (specifically) bitumen (as used for coating), and the henna plant (as used for dyeing); figuratively, a redemption-price
- כִּפֻּרkippur · H3725expiation (only in plural)
- כַּפֹּרֶתkappôreth · H3727a lid (used only of the cover of the sacred Ark)
Where it appears
Appears 102 times in the Bible.
- Genesis 6:14 “Build a large boat from cypress wood and waterproof it with tar, inside and out. Then construct decks and stalls throughout its interior.
- Genesis 32:20 And be sure to say, ‘Look, your servant Jacob is right behind us.’” Jacob thought, “I will try to appease him by sending gifts ahead of me. When I see him in person, perhaps he will be friendly to me.”
- Exodus 29:33 They alone may eat the meat and bread used for their purification in the ordination ceremony. No one else may eat them, for these things are set apart and holy.
- Exodus 29:36 Each day you must sacrifice a young bull as a sin offering to purify them, making them right with the Lord. Afterward, cleanse the altar by purifying it; make it holy by anointing it with oil.
- Exodus 29:37 Purify the altar, and consecrate it every day for seven days. After that, the altar will be absolutely holy, and whatever touches it will become holy.
- Exodus 30:10 “Once a year Aaron must purify the altar by smearing its horns with blood from the offering made to purify the people from their sin. This will be a regular, annual event from generation to generation, for this is the Lord’s most holy altar.”
See every passage
- Genesis 6:14, 32:20
- Exodus 29:33, 29:36, 29:37, 30:10, 30:15, 30:16, 32:30
- Leviticus 1:4, 4:20, 4:26, 4:31, 4:35, 5:6, 5:10, 5:13, 5:16, 5:18, 6:7, 6:30, 7:7, 8:15, 8:34, 9:7, 10:17, 12:7, 12:8, 14:18, 14:19, 14:20, 14:21, 14:29, 14:31, 14:53, 15:15, 15:30, 16:6, 16:10, 16:11, 16:16, 16:17, 16:18, 16:20, 16:24, 16:27, 16:30, 16:32, 16:33, 16:34, 17:11, 19:22, 23:28
- Numbers 5:8, 6:11, 8:12, 8:19, 8:21, 15:25, 15:28, 16:46, 16:47, 25:13, 28:22, 28:30, 29:5, 31:50, 35:33
- Deuteronomy 21:8, 32:43
- 1 Samuel 3:14
- 2 Samuel 21:3
- 1 Chronicles 6:49
- 2 Chronicles 29:24, 30:18
- Nehemiah 10:33
- Psalms 65:3, 78:38, 79:9
- Proverbs 16:6, 16:14
- Isaiah 6:7, 22:14, 27:9, 28:18, 47:11
- Jeremiah 18:23
- Ezekiel 16:63, 43:20, 43:26, 45:15, 45:17, 45:20
- Daniel 9:24
Source: Brown, Driver and Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain; markup by unfoldingWord, CC BY (github.com/unfoldingWord/Brown-Driver-Briggs-Enhanced).