חָנֵףchânêph

polluted, profane

Pronunciation: khaw-nafe' · Hebrew/Aramaic (Old Testament) · H2610

Meanings

Qal

1. be polluted (Isaiah 24:5; Jeremiah 3:1; Psalms 106:38)

2. of prophet and priest = be חָנֵף (compare below) i.e. profane, godless (Jeremiah 23:11)

Hiph`il

1. pollute (Numbers 35:33; Jeremiah 3:2; Jeremiah 3:9)

2. make profane, godless (Daniel 11:32)

Same root

Where it appears

Appears 11 times in the Bible.

  • Numbers 35:33 This will ensure that the land where you live will not be polluted, for murder pollutes the land. And no sacrifice except the execution of the murderer can purify the land from murder.
  • Psalms 106:38 They shed innocent blood, the blood of their sons and daughters. By sacrificing them to the idols of Canaan, they polluted the land with murder.
  • Isaiah 24:5 The earth suffers for the sins of its people, for they have twisted God’s instructions, violated his laws, and broken his everlasting covenant.
  • Jeremiah 3:1 “If a man divorces a woman and she goes and marries someone else, he will not take her back again, for that would surely corrupt the land. But you have prostituted yourself with many lovers, so why are you trying to come back to me?” says the Lord.
  • Jeremiah 3:2 “Look at the shrines on every hilltop. Is there any place you have not been defiled by your adultery with other gods? You sit like a prostitute beside the road waiting for a customer. You sit alone like a nomad in the desert. You have polluted the land with your prostitution and your wickedness.
  • Jeremiah 3:9 Israel treated it all so lightly—she thought nothing of committing adultery by worshiping idols made of wood and stone. So now the land has been polluted.
See every passage

Source: Brown, Driver and Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain; markup by unfoldingWord, CC BY (github.com/unfoldingWord/Brown-Driver-Briggs-Enhanced).