גָּאַלgâʼal
defile
Pronunciation: gaw-al' · Hebrew/Aramaic (Old Testament) · H1351
Meanings
Niph`al: be defiled (Isaiah 59:3; Lamentations 4:14; Zephaniah 3:1)
Pi`el: pollute, desecrate (Malachi 1:7)
Pu`al: i.e. deposed, as desecrated ones (Ezra 2:62; Nehemiah 7:64; Malachi 1:7)
Hiph`il: read perhaps גֵּאָ֑לְתִּי Pi`el, I have polluted, i.e. stained all my raiment (Isaiah 63:3)
Hithpa`el: defile himself (Daniel 1:8)
Same root
Where it appears
Appears 11 times in the Bible.
- Ezra 2:62 They searched for their names in the genealogical records, but they were not found, so they were disqualified from serving as priests.
- Nehemiah 7:64 They searched for their names in the genealogical records, but they were not found, so they were disqualified from serving as priests.
- Isaiah 59:3 Your hands are the hands of murderers, and your fingers are filthy with sin. Your lips are full of lies, and your mouth spews corruption.
- Isaiah 63:3 “I have been treading the winepress alone; no one was there to help me. In my anger I have trampled my enemies as if they were grapes. In my fury I have trampled my foes. Their blood has stained my clothes.
- Lamentations 4:14 They wandered blindly through the streets, so defiled by blood that no one dared touch them.
- Daniel 1:8 But Daniel was determined not to defile himself by eating the food and wine given to them by the king. He asked the chief of staff for permission not to eat these unacceptable foods.
Source: Brown, Driver and Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain; markup by unfoldingWord, CC BY (github.com/unfoldingWord/Brown-Driver-Briggs-Enhanced).